Efficient Open-set Test Time Adaptation of Vision Language Models

In dynamic real-world settings, models must adapt to changing data distributions, a challenge known as Test Time Adaptation (TTA). This becomes even more challenging in scenarios where test samples arrive sequentially, and the model must handle open-set conditions by distinguishing between known and unknown classes. Towards this goal, we propose ROSITA, a novel framework for Open set Single Image Test Time Adaptation using Vision-Language Models (VLMs). To enable the separation of known and unknown classes, ROSITA employs a specific contrastive loss, termed ReDUCe loss, which leverages feature banks storing reliable test samples. This approach facilitates efficient adaptation of known class samples to domain shifts while equipping the model to accurately reject unfamiliar samples. Our method sets a new benchmark for this problem, validated through extensive experiments across diverse real-world test environments.